Phosphoric Acid
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Chemical Name: Phosphoric Acid
Chemical Formula: H3PO4
Packaging Type: 35 kg Drum
Areas of Use:
Phosphoric acid is produced industrially by a wet method in which sulfuric acid reacts with apatite (tricalcium phosphate rock).
Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl + 5H 2 SO 4 + 10H 2 O → 3H 3 PO 4 + 5 CaSO 4 · 2H 2 O + HCl
The resulting phosphoric acid solution is about 32–46% H3PO4, so it is then concentrated (by water evaporation) to produce higher concentrations of phosphoric acid, commercial grade.
Pure phosphoric acid is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 42.35 ° C. When less concentrated, it is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid with a density of 1.885 g/mL. It is non-toxic and non-volatile. The most common concentration of phosphoric acid is 85% in water .
Phosphoric acid has three acidic and replaceable H atoms. Thus, it reacts differently from other mineral acids. It can react with bases to form three classes of salts by replacing one, two or three H atoms, such as NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4. and Na 3 PO 4 , respectively.
At high temperatures, phosphoric acid molecules can react and combine together (with loss of a water molecule) to form dimers, trimers, and even long polymeric chains such as polyphosphoric acids and metaphosphoric acids.
2H 3 PO 4 → lH 4 P 2 O 7 (- H 2 O)
Areas of Use
- Acidification of soft drinks such as cola
- pH control in the production of imitation jellies
- Media component in yeast production
- Control of bacterial growth in selected processed food products
- Flocculating agent in the clarification of sugar sap after liming
- Cleaning the tooth surface in dentistry and orthodontics
- Production of pesticides
- Lowering the pH of solutions in floriculture
- Production of phosphate salts
- Tanning and polishing stages of leather
- Surface corrosion protection in the steel industry
- Cleaning of unwanted catalysts in the oil industry